Copper: Its Biological, Chemical, and Pharmacological Roles

Abstract

Copper (Cu), a vital transition metal, is essential to numerous biological functions and industrial applications. Present in trace amounts in organisms, it plays a critical role in redox reactions, enzymatic activity, and cellular respiration. Copper-based complexes exhibit potent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, excess copper may lead to toxicity, neurological issues, and liver damage. This article highlights the biological importance, chemical functionality, and pharmacological potential of copper while addressing its associated risks (Linder, 1996).